With the industrialization and the start of mass production the products were crying out for new designs, for something new and fresh, however despite developing technologically the society was still looking back to history. Artists grabbed their inspiration from different eras, like classical Greece or Renaissance Italy.
America was one country that had its own style and distinctively new designs. This can be seen on the typewriters that were produced in America. This is explained by the absence of artistic past, since Indians used to be the only humans that lived on the continent, there was no connection to Europe while Renaissance or Rococo was developing. When English men, together with other European nationals, occupied the territory of America the fundament for art and design was plainer than in any other country.
Europe, still being mentally "in the past" started a new movement which was then called the Gothic revival, which started back in the mid 18th century and lasted till very early 20th century. Gothic revival mainly dealt with architecture, the modern structures were built in a gothic style. A.W.N. Pugin was the main designer and architect during the Gothic Revival, his designs were more simplified and sophisticated, they were not as decorated as they were during the International Gothic period. The architecture is plainer, simpler and more block-like. Yet we can also note characteristics that are typical Gothic - the stained glass, label stops, pointed roofs, extremely high ceilings, the use of tympanums at the entrance doors, lancet windows and a gothic flower form for the central façade window.
Europe, still being mentally "in the past" started a new movement which was then called the Gothic revival, which started back in the mid 18th century and lasted till very early 20th century. Gothic revival mainly dealt with architecture, the modern structures were built in a gothic style. A.W.N. Pugin was the main designer and architect during the Gothic Revival, his designs were more simplified and sophisticated, they were not as decorated as they were during the International Gothic period. The architecture is plainer, simpler and more block-like. Yet we can also note characteristics that are typical Gothic - the stained glass, label stops, pointed roofs, extremely high ceilings, the use of tympanums at the entrance doors, lancet windows and a gothic flower form for the central façade window.
Gothic revival was not only dealing with structural sites, but it also considered spiritual meaning. John Ruskin, promoted good craftsmanship and truthfulness to material and ideas. Gothic Revival is not a mockery of modern styles, it is rather a call for comeback, to quality and fundaments of art and crafts.
References:
Davidson, C., The Gothic Revival in England. Available: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/adw/gravely/revival.html. Last accessed 2nd Nov 2014.
Gombrich, E.H., 1995. The Story of Art. 16th ed. London: Phaidon Press Limited. p 499-501.
Kyles, S. Gothic Revival (1759-1900). Available: http://www.ontarioarchitecture.com/gothicrevival.html. Last accessed 2nd Nov 2014.
Lang, S (1966). The Principles of the Gothic Revival in England. California : University of California Press. p 240-267.
References:
Davidson, C., The Gothic Revival in England. Available: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/adw/gravely/revival.html. Last accessed 2nd Nov 2014.
Gombrich, E.H., 1995. The Story of Art. 16th ed. London: Phaidon Press Limited. p 499-501.
Kyles, S. Gothic Revival (1759-1900). Available: http://www.ontarioarchitecture.com/gothicrevival.html. Last accessed 2nd Nov 2014.
Lang, S (1966). The Principles of the Gothic Revival in England. California : University of California Press. p 240-267.